1.Training was provided to share the latest techniques in minimally invasive spinal surgery, enabling participants to deliver improved patient care.

2. Participants were given hands-on experience with domestic medical devices (GS Medical Co., Ltd.), raising awareness among medical professionals and contributing to quality improvement, including performance enhancement, through their feedback

3. Three surgical techniques — OLIF25, OLIF L5S1, and BESS — were conducted in three separate groups, increasing participant engagement and providing more sufficient hands-on training opportunities.